Product Handbook 2026 - Volume 1

General information Useful calculation data

7

Terms

Units

Definitions

A

m 2

Area of heating surface

C p

kJ / kg °C

Specific heat capacity of substance

T 1

°C

Initial (or inlet) temperature of substance

T 2

°C

Final (or outlet) temperature of substance

T a

°C

Ambient temperature

T 1 + T 2 2

T m

°C

Mean temperature of heated substance

T s

°C

Steam temperature

Temperature rise of heated substance T 2 - T 1

°C

D T

°C

Temperature difference between steam and substance at start-up T s - T 1

D T s

Mean temperature difference between steam and substance at any heat load

AMTD = Arithmetic Mean Temperature Difference AMTD = T S - T M

7.5 27

°C

D T m

(T S - T 1 ) - (T S - T 2 ) Ln [(T S - T 1 ) / (T S - T 2 )]

LMTD = Logrithmic Mean Temperature Difference LMTD =

f

dimensionless

Insulation factor

H

hours

Time in hours

h fg

kJ / kg

Enthalpy of evaporation

K vr

m

3 / h bar

The required capacity index

K vs

m

3 / h bar

The valve capacity index (full open valve)

Table continued on next page

TI-GCM-13 CM Issue 3

Page 3 of 4

Heating formulas

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